The Collapse Of Compassion Theory - 2561 Words

The world of today has been a witness to countless menacing wars, violence, and tragedies, but the amount of sympathy and compassion the people feel towards it has significantly decreased. In fact, it is believed by many that capacity of compassion is limited and so the lack of consideration for other’s suffering is part of human nature. Psychologists such as C. Daryl Cameron and Keith Payne have developed the collapse of compassion theory, described in the article, â€Å"How to Increase Your Compassion Bandwidth,† that suggests that people are growing to become indifferent and less empathetic towards major moments in history of inhumane behavior. The apathetic attitude individuals have towards tragedies is not a phenomenon only seen in the recent years, but in fact can be traced to about seventy years ago, in the midst of the Holocaust. The Holocaust was carried out by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi reign, between 1933 and 1945, which brought upon the world a massive genoci de that almost killed the entire Jewish population of Europe. For nearly twelve years, Jewish people were isolated from society with discriminative laws, thrown into crowded and unsanitary ghettos, and then shipped into concentration camps where they met their deaths. The Jews were endlessly slaughtered in a cruel manner, but yet hardly any people cried out for its injustice. The behavior of the Nazis was condoned by most of the German people who supported its reign and even the prisoners of the death camps beganShow MoreRelatedThe Fashion Industry And Manufacturing Process842 Words   |  4 PagesFashionable apparel begins as the aesthetic brainchild of a designer (or team of designers). And as the item(s) gain life, each works its way through the many facets of the manufacturing process. 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They are approachable to the point that there will be moments that those reporting to them will be having problems outside of work that will influence them. Death of family, friends, and associates, also relationships collapse and all kinds of life disaster will disturb almost everybody at work at times. Emotionally exposed and confident leaders comprehend that they are there for support during these times. Leaders possessing self-confidence and high emotional intelligenceRead MoreMigration Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly attributed to the out-group. Tajifel’s social identity theory helps explain how a member of an in-group identifies its own self-esteem with that of their group, thus is motivated to maintain positive status for the group and helping their own kind. Tajifel’s minimal group paradigm research has shown, that even on a small scale, once an individual identifies with a group their preference will lie there. The social categorization theory 1987 emphasizing the strong cognitive process by which oneRead MoreShould World Be A Low Standard Of Living With Wine And Beef?1144 Words   |  5 Pageswar. We look at our neighbours and want what they have. The Tragedy Of The Commons is a good example of the greed that would be seen in a highly populated world, people would want more to make more, just the same as others, causing the commons to collapse and allow poverty (or the bread diet) to ensue. (Hardin) We all want more, we want a better standard of living, and we want our beef, wine and gadgets too. The problem is if we go beyond carrying capacity and live a sustainable life, we will allRead MoreRelationship Between The Principle Of Utility And Moral Rules1462 Words   |  6 Pagesutility in complex moral situations. In this essay I will also argue for the advantages of Mill’s understanding of the relationship between the two concepts as it incorporates religious moral rules, help s prevent ‘evil’ acts, and creates an ethical theory suitable and practical for daily use. Mill’s predecessor, Jeremy Bentham is an act utilitarian who looks at the consequences of each individual act and calculates utility each time the act is performed. In contrast, Mill is a rule utilitarian whoRead MoreWhat Does It Mean to Be Well Educated Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesframe on the wall. Those that are not college graduates are the ones that will be able to survive if ever comes a time when the world collapses. Well educated is a balance between academics and practical knowledge it is more than knowing about the E=MC2 or the theory of relativity. It is knowing how to live and love yourself and others in a world where love and compassion is needed and keeping your faith harder than ever. A piece of paper from an Ivy League school is not what makes you educated it isRead MorePublished In Examinerlike Gestalt Therapy Which Was Introduced1618 Words   |  7 Pagesor unhealthy and had to be cured. The second wave of psychology introduced the behaviorists or learning theorists. The behaviorists felt that like the previous theories of Freud, much of our behavior is instinctual; however, they also went further to say most of our behavior is learned. Pavlov s dogs is an example of behaviorist theories. Behavioral psychologists postulate that to change your thinking you must first do something different. For example, lying around the house and feeling sorryRead MoreVirtue Ethics Application to Bus iness Ethics Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesby Macintyre, who would argue that money is not the end rather a means to a further end of social responsibility. Kindness would be an important virtue to own, and with this character trait you would expect the individual to shown compassion and lovingness in a situation. For example is it acceptable to sack able workers purely because they are excess to needs of the company and by saving money on there wages you can earn more for yourself. The virtuous answer wouldRead MoreFranz Kafkas Novella, The Metamorphosis Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagescares about this family, working hard to support them, even though they do little for themselves. On the surface, Kafkas 1916 novella, seems to be just a tale of Gregor morphing into a cockroach, but, a closer reading with Marx and Engels economic theories in mind, reveals an imposing metaphor that gives the improbable story a great deal of relevance to the structure of Marxist society. Samsa, the protagonist, signifies the proletariat, or the working class, and his unnamed manager represents the

Ethics in Reality TV Shows Essay - 2406 Words

Ethics in Reality TV Shows â€Å"A man is standing on a swing, holding both metal lines that support it. Tied in chains around his waist and on each leg, he holds the 3 keys that are strapped to his wrist. He is to free himself after being submerged to the water outdoor with biting cold temperature as fast as he can to win the $50,000 prize beating the other contestants.† This is one of the scenes I saw a couple of weeks ago in the Reality TV show, Fear Factor. Technology has greatly progressed specially in the area of multimedia communications of which television is one of them. From the very first black and white television drama, â€Å"The Queen’s Messenger† up to current full-colored â€Å"reality TV† show â€Å"Joe Millionaire†, a lot has†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ ABC Fantasy Era (1975-1980): The era of escapist dramas, sitcoms and actions; public service shows; government regulations. †¢ Soap Operas and Real People Era (1980s): The era of prime time soaps (daily serials), reality TV shows and domestic sitcoms brought about by mushrooming of cable TV networks. †¢ Era of Choice (1990s): Era of drama, action, sitcoms, reality TV, sports and news magazines. One can notice how technology has affected what programs are shown on television; from the studio-bound situational comedy where all are scripted and everybody involved are prepared, to the current reality TV shows where anything goes and cameras are all over the place. Presence of a technician to operate the cameras are not required with the advances in video camera surveillance as displayed by the popular Big Brother -- a reality TV show. Anybody can even afford to buy a good lightweight portable video camera for less than $300. This camera can record both video and sound, even zoom in to objects 200 times or more. Could you just imagine that! Just tune in to Americas Funniest Home Videos to know what amateurs are doing with these video cameras. Now, it is possible that proliferations of the Reality TV shows is used to tempt back the weary viewers who are shifting more of their time on the Internet as cited by Jan. 31, 2003 issue of San Jose Mercury News. The news said that people using the Internet watchesShow MoreRelatedReality T.V. Essay534 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscussion of the real ethics of reality TV and how the current gender, media and popular culture depict a fusion between reality and reality on TV. The writing is based upon the Real Appeal: The Ethics of Reality TV, Catehrine Lumby and Elspeth Probyn. The idea that anyone can become famous is not fairly evident upon most TV viewers; however it is clear that TV makes the viewer believe that what they are viewing is true and it is for this reason that it becomes reality TV. TV exposes the public toRead MoreStudent757 Words   |  4 PagesReality TV 1. The text †When Reality TV Gets Too Real† is written by Jeremy W. Peters in 2007. The text is about whether there should be a limit for how far you could go, when they were making reality TV, to get viewers. Jeremy W. Peters starts telling that, in a recent episode of Intervention, Aamp;E’s documentary series about addiction, Pam an alcoholic, is driving drunk, and no one from the camera crew did anything. Every year they are pushing the boundaries for what you can show in realityRead MoreThe Cultural Industry : Enlightenment As Mass Deception944 Words   |  4 Pagesdeception, Theodore Adorno and Max Horkheimer are examining how we are presented movies and different mass media outlets. Also discussed is how life is now indistinguishable from movies; the same can also be said with reality TV and how audiences are fed the simple idea of †reality.† (3) Reality TV has become one of the top ways audiences consume information that is not necessarily tr ue, but instead produced for views. A large part of the study is Adorno and Horkheimer compare this to a false personal identityRead MoreReality Tv - the Real Issues Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesnewest bands, media makes a difference in everyone’s life. Recently reality television has become a bigger, more popular pastime that many American people enjoy. With so many different reality shows coming out one of the biggest problems that America faces is what kind of message these shows are projecting to their viewers. Almost every reality show that’s out there right now is in some way almost degrading to regular human beings. Shows that get some of the most viewers include the ones with the worstRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Tv991 Words   |  4 PagesI truly believe that reality TV needs a different name. At first reality TV was created with the aim to depict reality, but over time different interests and actions have resulted in doing the opposite of this. I would even go so far to say that reality TV has become just as fictional as fiction based television. â€Å"Reality† is defined as â€Å"the world or the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them†. However, Reality TV in no way represents this definitionRead MoreThe Reason Of Importing Large Numbers Of Reality Tv Shows From Korea934 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons of importing large numbers of reality TV shows from Korea Why do these satellite television stations become rushing to buy Korea s reality TV from at first learning from the western countries? Reality TV stemmed from Western countries, the source of Korea’s reality TV shows is also from Western countries. But Korea experienced imitation and study from the West, Reality TV this kind of programs has a new development. The main feature of Korea’s reality TV shows is celebrities participating. TelevisionRead MoreTelevision And Its Influence On Our Culture985 Words   |  4 Pagesreflection. Televisions popularity is dictated by what is currently popular within our culture, however many television shows can create new trends in fashion, behavior, and emotions. One reflection of culture that TV depicts is, Physical beauty and sex appeal. These are often shown in popular television shows, geared mostly towards a target audience of teenagers. â€Å"Many reality shows depict women idealizing beauty and thinness, giving the impression that a woman’s value is based on her appearance,Read MoreThe Reality Of Reality Television1499 Words   |  6 PagesAgainst Reality TV For close to a decade, the ethics behind the existence of reality TV have been questioned. While there are ardent viewers of reality TV, researchers and other scholars disapprove them, and claim that the world would have been in a better place. Reality TV shows, especially in America, are extremely profitable to media owners, and this has increased their popularity in the recent years. The main target audience for these shows are teenagers and women, who spend a lot of time discussingRead MoreThe Writer and Audience: The Connection that Should Never End894 Words   |  4 PagesDoor are just a few of the hundreds of Reality Television shows that are on today and have pushed the classic Brady Bunch family style sitcom aside. According to a study performed by the University of Michigan Health System, an average of children ages 2-5 spend 32 hours a week in front of a TV—watching television and children ages 6-11 spend about 28 hours a week in front of the TV. A majority of shows that dominate the airwaves today are Reality Television shows that can easily influence the youngRead More Parallels Between The Truman Show and Platos Allegory of the Cave866 Words   |  4 PagesParallels Between The Truman Show and Platos Allegory of the Cave The movie, The Truman Show is about a reality television show that has been created to document the life of a man who, adopted at birth by a television network, is tricked into believing that his life, his reality, is normal and the environment that he lives is real. It is set in a town called Seahaven, which is essentially a simulation of the real world similar enough to the outside world that the viewing audience can relate

Sam’s Club and Costco Free Essays

There are many positives that can be drawn from the way that Costco runs and controls its business. Costco’s motto is â€Å"To continuously provide our members with quality goods and services at the lowest possible prices† (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble, 2010). They have stuck to this mantra by providing affordable memberships to its customers, and affordable pricing of its merchandise. We will write a custom essay sample on Sam’s Club and Costco or any similar topic only for you Order Now Costco’s strategy of low pricing and limited product line and selection made Costco successful by keeping their margins below their competitors; this is a positive in that it will draw more customers and more accounts for the growth and prosperity of the business. Costco’s limited product line and selection is also a positive because unlike it competitors, Costco offers efficiency in its sale process and makes it easier for the business to be managed. Sinegal stated that â€Å"If you have ten customers in to buy Advil, how many are not going to but any because you just have one size? Maybe one or two, we refer to that as the intelligent loss of sales† (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble, 2010). Another positive is Costco’s approach to treasure-hunt shopping. Costco tries to intrigue its customers by creating a sense of urgency with certain products that are high-end and that the company knows will sell-out quickly. Although these items a lot of times are higher priced, they still are reasonably lower than the average department store or its membership warehouse competitors. The only negative would be Costco’s marketing and advertising strategy. Although the stores reputation and low pricing have constituted in the franchises high level of success, their marketing strategy is lacking some key elements. Costco believes that direct mailings was the best possible marketing and advertising strategy but are missing out on the possibility of gaining a higher number of customers due to their lack of internet presence. The key factor that comes to mind is that Costco doesn’t offer a list of their store items online, which doesn’t give a consumer who isn’t familiar with the store a chance get the full spectrum of what they truly offer. Although Costco 3 Costco is a large franchise, in most cases; word of mouth simply won’t get a business the clientele they truly need to be successful or a leader in their respective arena. There were two strategic elements utilized by Costco that were insightful, the first being how Costco developed its personnel from within. The case of Jim Sinegal comes to light. When Sol Price made Jim Sinegal the manager of the original Price Club, he knew that Jim had a special knack for discount retailing and for spotting what a store was doing wrong (usually either not being in the right merchandise categories or not selling items at the right price points) very things that was good at and that were at the roots of Price’s Club growing success in the marketplace (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble, 2010). Sinegal applied this same concept when he partnered with Jeff Brotman, who was the elevated to vice chairman in 1993 and then to chairman in 1994. This strategic element is what made both Price Club and Costco very successful. The second strategic element that was insightful was the way in which Costco formulated its strategy on low prices and its limited product and selection. Costco’s view of the intelligent loss of sales, proved viable because they were willing to lose one or two customers to capture a higher number of clientele in the long run, and adhering to this strategy makes their business efficient and profitable. The formulation of strategy must take into consideration important external parties. For Costco, the competitor and their targeted customers were two constituencies. How was their strategy influenced by these parties? Did their strategy reflect adequate consideration of the needs of these two groups? Costco’s strategy was definitely influenced by its customers and its competitor. From a competitor’s standpoint Costco wanted to a provide services, prices, and products that rivaled its competitor Sam’s Club. Costco’s combining of high quality and low prices id the driving for behind Costco’s success. It is evident that Sam Walton, with Wal-Mart and Sam’s club played an integral part in the way the Costco has devised its strategy. Costco’s average pay, for example, is $17 an hour and is 42% higher than its fiercest rival Sam’s Club. Costco’s health plan also makes other retailers look Scroogish, Costco’s workers were only paying just 4 percent toward their health costs and raised it to only 8 percent when Sam’s Club and the retail average is at 25 percent (Bowmer, 2007). Costco isn’t simply looking to be better that the competition they want Costco 4 to be demonstrably better,† said John Matthews, Costco’s senior vice president for human resources (Bowmer, 2007). From the customer’s standpoint Costco looks to keep increasing its consumer base by providing low prices that aren’t coming at the workers’ expense, they believe this is the key to providing a good service and good business as a whole. Costco caters to the customer, by not becoming a casualty in the pricing war among retailers and wholesale club industries alike. A cardinal rule that has been implemented is that no item can be marked up by more than 14 percent and no private label item by more than 15 percent. In contract supermarkets generally mark up merchandise by 25 percent and department stores by 50 percent (Bowmer, 2007). Costco strives to be good merchants and offer the greatest value to the customer, Costco constantly strives to figure out how they are going lower their prices while their competition looks for ways to get to get more money for their items. Costco has a good understanding of its customers and knows that they don’t gain clientele by having fancy displays and mascots etc†¦ they know that the values they have attract and keep customers coming back, as well as attract new prospects. The company’s knack for adjusting and seeing things in a new way explains how Costco’s customers influence on the decisions and strategies set forth by the company. Costco’s strategy reflects adequate consideration of its customers and capitalizes on the needs that its competitors have. One can draw this conclusion because Costco has diagnosed what the customer needs, values and wants from a proprietor, and also have evaluated what the competition is lacking and perfected their mantra of providing low prices and quality products and services. They have formulated strong objectives that benefit their workers, customers and shareholders, and strategized a plan to be more successful than the competitor with a business model than can be considered overly generous in regards to its customers and workers in comparison to the competition. How to cite Sam’s Club and Costco, Essay examples

Report on Corporate Strategy of The Walt Disney Company

Question: Describe about the Report on Corporate Strategy of The Walt Disney Company. Answer: Introduction About The Walt Disney Company It is an American company and the second largest media conglomerate in the world. The company was set up in 1923 and operates in four major segments. Studio Entertainment is the primary business segment of the company and The Walt Disney Studio is the unit under entertainment segment that deals in films, music recording label and theatrical divisions. Second major segment of the company is Park and Resorts. The company has theme parks, cruise lines and other major assets related to travel. The third segment of the company is Media Networks in which the company owns television properties. Lastly the fourth business segment is Consumer products and interactive media. The company produces properties such as toys, clothes, merchandises based upon Disney in its products category. The company also has internet, mobile, social media and computer games operations under its interactive media unit. The management of the company has Robert A. Iger serving as Chairmen and CEO of the company. The annual gross revenue of The Walt Disney Company for the year 2015 was USD 52,465 Mn., whereas the net income of the company from all the subsidiaries was USD 14681 Mn. The symbol and mascot for the Disney has been Mickey Mouse, a cartoon that has been created by the company. The company has been listed on NYSE and employees around 180,000 people (About - Leadership, Management Team, Global, History, Awards, Corporate Responsibility - The Walt Disney Company, 2016). Corporate Level Strategy The Strategic decisions that businesses makes that have an impact on the organization as a whole. Corporate level strategy includes the financial performance of the business, its mergers and acquisitions along with management of human resources and allocation of resources. The overall scope and direction that will help a corporation in carrying its business operations and will ultimately enable them in achieving the organizational goals (Corporate Strategy - Harvard Business School MBA Program. 2016). There are different types of corporate level strategy that could be employed by an organization. Value Creating Strategy is the strategy employed by the business to gain more share of the market and edge out its competitors. These strategies plan to exploit the economies and gain an advantage; it could be done in a way by allocating resources and capabilities of the business in a manner that could be used by the entire organization to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency. Diversification is the key idea behind such value creation. To offer various products to the consumers and to capture a large part of market share (Dransfield, 2001). Value Neutral Strategy is when an organization is concerned with securing a current place in the market and not much focused on resource or manpower allocation. The approach is neutral and it aims at reducing risk and to create a steady cash flow, initiatives like regulatory oversight, creating harmony between departments are such ways of neutralizing the value (Thompson,2001). Value Reducing Strategy is when the stakeholders and consumers have the feeling that the business is only benefitting the top management. In such cases value reducing strategy focuses on the business market and demographics are defined and unnecessary growth is prevented by putting mechanisms (Furrer, 2016). The most important part for a business is to decide which strategy it should adopt and how will it benefit the organization. Corporate Strategy of The Walt Disney Company The corporate strategy of the company is based on franchising and opportunities that generate revenue. The company has a large network and many platforms. The company creates value by harnessing the resources and using it in multiple business units (Carillo, 2012). Core Strategy of the company The theme parks and resorts, video entertainment and consumer products are the one of the most competitive segments; the company tries to position itself such that it creates leverage under the name Disney and is considered as a family entertainment (Kottke, 2015). The company undertook promotional activities and coordinated them in every aspect of the value chain, the special effects that were created for the films led to matching characters, attractions and consumer products that were made available at the theme park, retail stores and catalogs. All the Disney products and services were actively cross marketed. The merchandises were offered on a limited edition bases through the parks and catalogs. The coordination and sharing was made highly effective through the horizontal mechanisms. Projects all across the divisions were synergized. The events, like birthday of Mickey Mouse, the mascot of the brand was a coordinated event across all divisions. Employees across all the divisions are provided training and the data or information of the customers that is available is used across all the divisions. Similarly transfers of senior personnel are done across divisions (Corporate Strategy, 2016). Since the very beginning the company core strategy has been their focus on franchises. The company believes that its a full circle : movies drives the sale of the merchandises and leads to increment in the visits of theme parks, which in turn drives interest for sequels and spin offs. This will ultimately lead to repeat and reboot. The synergetic strategy of the company has led to sustained growth. The key drivers for the growth of the company have been to create innovations so as to boost the theme parks visits, to drive revenue for the resorts and to increase the viewership of its channels. The future goals of the company have been to fully develop and monetize its brand under franchisee and to increase its global presence. The company has immense success in the United States, but the company focuses on translating that similar success in other parts of the world. The company has to adapt to the technological advancements of the society (Kevin Mayer-the Walt Disney Company 2016). Strategies of the segments The company has a clear strategy as per their business environment, it is to own the franchises and the means of distribution for those so as to touch the customer points. The company grows by creating value for its products (Benna 2015). Media Networks Strategy The largest segment of the company is media networks. The company operates cable networks, broadcast televisions networks, radio shows and digital operations. 46% of the revenue is generated from this segment. The company uses differentiation strategy for this segment. They own eight separate groups under this segment and cater to different audience with each of their products (Favaro 2015). Parks and Resorts Strategy After media networks, parks and resorts generate second largest revenue for the company, approximately 29%. This is the segment which is more capital intensive. This segment incurs 70% of the total expenditure made by the company. However when compared with the other segments in terms of revenue generation and expenditure incurred this segment does not contribute much but amounts to a lot of investment, but it align with the strategy of the company to grow on a global level (Zenger 2013). Studio Segments Strategy This segment of the company consists of the animated and live action films, music and theatrics. The studios create, promote, produce, sell, acquire and distribute the projects under the name of the company. This segment slows the company to have a global presence by allowing distribution of its products worldwide and cater to audience all around the globe. This segment generates approximate 16% of the revenue for the company (Coverly 2013). Consumer Products Segments Strategy The company runs this segment to capitalize on the brand. The idea behind running this segment is revenue generation, which was 7% in the year 2011. The company creates merchandises and offers them in the markets to the customers at the theme parks, stores and catalogs. These merchandises create a brand for the company and is related to the characters developed by the studio. This in turn increases the revenue of the parks, resorts, studios as well as also generates revenue by selling of the merchandise (Yau 2015). Interactive segments Strategy Smallest segment run by the company that generated 2% revenue in year 2011. This segment aims at introducing the customer to the Disney brand in the way of interactive media and interactive games coined by the company. The strategy of the company is to align all its resources and create value for all its offerings, whether it is parks and resorts, merchandise or media networks. The company has been following the policy of synergizing all its resources so that they could be harnessed for the overall benefit and value creation of the company. The company has adopted value creation strategy. They exploit the resources and plans on achieving economies of scale, by integrating their operations and aligning all its products in such a way that development of one leads to development of another and the company gains competitive advantage. Strategies to exploit overseas business marketThe company plans on establishing it operations and cater to customer all over the globe. The current global presence of the company is more dominant in the U.S. with its operations in more than 200 countries. To understand the potential business opportunities for the company the SWOT analysis of the company is undertaken (Jurevicius 2013). Strengths The company has strong product portfolio that includes television network, which is one of the most watched cable networks in the world. The diverse portfolio provides a competitive edge to the company. The company has a strong brand name and has built the reputation over its name. the company is considered as a family entertainment company, whether it is their parks, channels, movies or studios they are considered as a family entertainers and this has given them strong advantage over their competitors. Diversified business and localization of products- the company operates in five segments both online and offline. They generate stable revenues from all the different business models and are less affected by the changes in the external business environment because of this diversity. To also adapt to the local taste, the company has adopted localization in some segments. This has added to the strengths of the company as it has given them advantage of their competitors and boosted their customer base. Weaknesses The company is heavily dependent on its income from North America even after operating in more than 200 countries. A major change in the economy makes the company vulnerable. The company has become so huge that they have to seek approval from federal trade commission before any acquisition. The size of the company and its share in the market is a concern for the government. So the company is left with fewer options for acquisitions of competitors. Opportunities Growth of Television industries in emerging markets like China and India seemed like a potential business opportunity for the company. The company has already entered these emerging potential markets. Movie Production Expansion- the Company has an opportunity to take its productions in to the emerging markets of the developing countries that have developed good infrastructure. Threats Intense competition- the company has to face intense competition in media, tourism, parks and resorts and interactive media industries. The news and medias have gone online giving the company a very tough competition and new technologically developed business model gives the company tough competition. Parks and resorts segment get strong competition from the local competitors who can offer a more locally adaptive product. Growing competitiveness in the market is giving the company a tough competition. Piracy is a matter of concern for the company. Piracy allows the content to be copied, transmitted and to be distributed without the issues of copyright. The new wave of internet has allowed piracy to gain commonness amongst people; this has been a setback for the company in the movies segments. Online Television and Movie renting has also affected the business of the company along with piracy. In addition to online renting of the movies and television subscription the company has also got reduction in the bargaining power because internet infrastructure is often maintained by different companies and that takes away the power from the cable providers. Conclusion The Walt Disney Company has its operations in five segments. The company has the core strategy of synergizing their resources in all these five segments so that they could be harnessed for the overall benefit and value creation of the company. They exploit the resources and plans on achieving economies of scale, by integrating their operations and aligning all its products in such a way that development of one leads to development of another and the company gains competitive advantage. The strength of the company lies in its diverse product portfolio and the strong brand name the company has built over the years. The size of the company makes it difficult for them to acquire any new business of the competitors because of the antitrust laws in the U.S. And they are also heavily dependent on the U.S. economy for their business revenues, both of these factors accounts as a weakness for the company. The opportunities that the developing markets have are been tapped by the company and ope rations have been set up in the developing countries like India and China. The threats faced are the piracy issues, transitional shift from offline to online renting and subscriptions along with the intense competition faced in all the five segments. The companys strategy has proved too worked for the company for the past years of operations and will continue to be the core strategy for the next decade. References About - Leadership, Management Team, Global, History, Awards, Corporate Responsibility (2016. The Walt Disney Company. [online] Available at: https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/about/#our-businesses [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Benna, S. (2015).This 1957 drawing reveals the brilliant strategy behind Disney's lasting success.[Online]. Available at URL: https://www.businessinsider.in/This-1957-drawing-reveals-the-brilliant-strategy-behind-Disneys-lasting-success/articleshow/48116184.cms. [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Carillo, C. , et. All. (2012). Thewalt Disney company: Corporate Strategy analysis. Robin School of business.Available at URL: https://robins.richmond.edu/documents/cases/ WaltDisney.pdf[Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Corporate Strategy (2016). Harvard Business School MBA Program. [online] Available at: https://www.hbs.edu/coursecatalog/1230.html [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Coverly, C. (2013).The business lessons behind Disneys magicalexperiences. [Online]. Available at URL: https://business.financialpost.com/executive/business-education/the-business-strategy-behind-disneys-magical-experiences?__lsa=2dd1-7f0e. [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Dransfield, R. (2001). Corporate Strategy. UK: Heinemann Favaro, K. (2015). ESPN is the exception to prove disneys strategy. [Online]. Available at URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenfavaro/2015/08/17/espn-is-the-exception-to-prove-disneys-strategy/#67c1ba7b4a18 [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Furrer, O. (2016).Corporate level strategy : theory and applications. UK: Routledge https://www.hbs.edu/ (2016).Corporate Strategy.[Online]. Available at: URL https://www.hbs.edu/coursecatalog/1230.html [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Jurevicius, O. (2013). SWOT analysis of Walt Disney. [Online]. Available at URL: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/walt-disney-swot-analysis.html. [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Kevin Mayer - The Walt Disney Company. (2016). [online] Available at: https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/leaders/kevin-mayer/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Kottke, K. (2015). Walt Disneys Corporate Strategy Chart. [Online]. Available at URL:https://kottke.org/15/06/walt-disneys-corporate-strategy-chart [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Thompson, J. (2001). Understanding Corporate Strategy. Boston: Cengage Learning EMEA www.isc.hbs.edu. (2016). Corporate Strategy.[Online]. Available at URL: https://www.isc.hbs.edu/strategy/pages/corporate-strategy.aspx [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. www.thewaltdisneycompany.com, (2016). About the Walt Disney company. [Online] Available at: URL https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/about/#our-businesses [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. www.thewaltdisneycompany.com. (2016). Kevin Mayer.[Online]. Available at URL: https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/leaders/kevin-mayer/ [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Yau, N. (2015). Disney business strategy chart, 1957. [Online]. Available at URL: https://flowingdata.com/2015/07/14/disney-business-strategy-chart-1957/ [Accessed on 19th October 2016]. Zenger, T. (2013).The Disney Recipe.[Online]. Available at URL:https://hbr.org/2013/05/what-makes-a-good-corporate-st [Accessed on 19thOctober 2016].

Roles Of Rn, Lvn Uap an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Roles Of Rn, Lvn Uap A registered nurse is responsible for assessing the health needs of the patient by properly examining their health status and the checks the patients response to treatment, provision of self-care, coping with chronic illness and the patients function related to the daily living. Together with the patient, the patients family, the healthcare professionals and physicians, he or she devises an individual care plan. The Registered Nurse evaluates the results of the plan and revises her plan accordingly. Need essay sample on "Roles Of Rn, Lvn & Uap" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed According to the Association of Rheumatology health professionals, the role of the Registered Nurse is stated as,The RN, in collaboration with the patient, implements a variety of interventions. These are designed to manage pain, improve function, maximize independence, provide education, strengthen coping strategies, and improve access to community resources. In addition, the RN administers, monitors, and educates about medications. The RN also acts as an advocate for the patient and family within the health care facility, the community, and the legislative arena (ARHP Executive Committee, 2002). The licensed practical nurses are also known as licensed vocational nurses roles vary from work place to work place. They mainly work under the Registered Nurses, Physicians and other healthcare professionals and perform tasks such as giving injections, observing patients, dressing wounds and administering medications. Their roles are ever expanding in rehabilitation centers where they care for the sick and the old. In other words, the licensed practical nurses are basic nurses, subordinate to the registered nurses. An LPN can further expand her career by becoming an RN later. According to the Health Career Center, their role is stated as, Licensed practical nurses are often responsible for observing patients, recording their reactions to medications and treatments, and reporting the results to the registered nurse or physician in charge. Individuals interested in becoming a licensed practical nurse should be intelligent, tactful, caring, and possess sound judgment. These skills, along with good health and physical stamina, are very important in this line of work. LPNs should also have a sincere interest in people and be able to maintain good interpersonal relationships with them (Health Career Center, 2004). The UAP, otherwise known as the Unlicensed Assistive Personnel are the assistants of nurses and work directly or indirectly for them. Since they are unlicensed and lack the proper training, they are mostly delegated under the Registered Nurses and help with the hospitality tasks for the patients basic needs. According to American Nurses Association, the role of the Unlicensed Assistive Personnel includes, includes activities such as assisting such as assisting the patient with feeding, drinking, ambulating, grooming, toileting, dressing, and socializing. It may involve the collecting, reporting, and documentation of data related to the above activities. This data is reported to the RN who uses the information to make clinical judgments about patient care. Delegated activities to the UAP do not include health counseling, teaching or require independent, specialized nursing knowledge, skill or judgment. Indirect patient care activities are necessary to support the patient and their environment, and only incidentally involve direct patient contact. These activities assist in providing a clean, efficient, and safe patient care milieu and typically encompass chore services, companion care, housekeeping, transporting, clerical, stocking, and maintenance tasks (ANA, 1997). Therefore, the Registered Nurses are the most qualified personnel in the healthcare system followed by the Licensed Vocational Nurses and then by the Unlicensed Assistive Personnel. Their roles differ accordingly based on their qualification and experience in the healthcare. REFERENCES: ARHP Executive Committee (2002). The role of Registered Nurse in the Management of Rheumatic disease. Health Career Center (2004). Licensed Practical Nurse. ANA (1997). Registered Nurse utilization of Unlicensed Assistive Personnel.

Free Essays on Human Rights Peru

Human Rights Country Report: Peru I chose to do this report on Peru in light of the recent â€Å"Truth and Reconciliation Commission's report† that was made public on August 28, 2003. The Permanent Mission of Peru to the United Nations Office at Geneva addressed on the 13th of September 2001, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (letter attached) informing them on some changes and the formal implementation of this commission whose goal it is: â€Å"to bring to light the process, events and responsibilities involved in the terrorist violence and violations of human rights which took place from May 1980 to November 2000, committed both by terrorist organizations and by State agents, and to propose initiatives to strengthen peace and harmony among Peruvians; That one of the essential aims of the Commission is to lay the foundations for a profound process of national reconciliation by shedding light on the facts and re-establishing justice.† The Commission’s report declares that the armed internal conflict of this 20 year period was the most intense, expanded and prolonged in the entire history of The Republic of Peru. 68,280 people died victims to violence, this estimate surpasses the amount of casualties Peru has ever had in external war and civil war combined, in its 182 years of independency according to the report. Brief History/Record: Peru is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Date of receipt of the instrument of ratification, 28 April 1978. Date of entry into force, 28 July 1978) its last report to the Human Rights Committee (its fourth periodic report) was due on April 9 1998 but was actually submitted on July 3 1998, the report was considered on the 23rd and 24th of October 2000. The Committees observations declare generally in its introductory statement that it â€Å"†¦appreciates the delegation's willingness to establish a dialogue with it... Free Essays on Human Rights Peru Free Essays on Human Rights Peru Human Rights Country Report: Peru I chose to do this report on Peru in light of the recent â€Å"Truth and Reconciliation Commission's report† that was made public on August 28, 2003. The Permanent Mission of Peru to the United Nations Office at Geneva addressed on the 13th of September 2001, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (letter attached) informing them on some changes and the formal implementation of this commission whose goal it is: â€Å"to bring to light the process, events and responsibilities involved in the terrorist violence and violations of human rights which took place from May 1980 to November 2000, committed both by terrorist organizations and by State agents, and to propose initiatives to strengthen peace and harmony among Peruvians; That one of the essential aims of the Commission is to lay the foundations for a profound process of national reconciliation by shedding light on the facts and re-establishing justice.† The Commission’s report declares that the armed internal conflict of this 20 year period was the most intense, expanded and prolonged in the entire history of The Republic of Peru. 68,280 people died victims to violence, this estimate surpasses the amount of casualties Peru has ever had in external war and civil war combined, in its 182 years of independency according to the report. Brief History/Record: Peru is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Date of receipt of the instrument of ratification, 28 April 1978. Date of entry into force, 28 July 1978) its last report to the Human Rights Committee (its fourth periodic report) was due on April 9 1998 but was actually submitted on July 3 1998, the report was considered on the 23rd and 24th of October 2000. The Committees observations declare generally in its introductory statement that it â€Å"†¦appreciates the delegation's willingness to establish a dialogue with it...

Find a multinational trading or manufacturing organisation of your Research Paper

Find a multinational trading or manufacturing organisation of your choice. Describe and evaluate the changing business environme - Research Paper Example Also explored in this paper is the impact of change on the organizational structure and general performance of the company. Performance was assessed through a comparative analysis of the company’s strengths and that of the competitors. Financial reports were also used to establish the trends of performance as they relate to the various changes undertaken by the company. Introduction PepsiCo Inc., remains one of the leading food and beverage companies both in the United States and in different parts of the world. Over the years, the company has undergone structural and managerial changes aimed towards enhancing its market profile and general performance. Longitudinal inquiries into the company’s potential show that the company has continued to post impressive financial results as a result of strategic changes in its internal systems and supply chain (Bachmeier 141). PepsiCo’s expansion into Asia, Europe, Africa, and other parts of the world demonstrates a determin ed agenda of breaking into new market segments beyond its original geographical niche. The same determination manifests itself through the mergers, acquisitions, and purchases that the company has undertaken in the course of its operation. ... A diversified range of products remains one of the strongest selling points by which PepsiCo manages to maintain an impressive lead on the global market. It might be argued that some of the changes that relate to the company’s change of profile are necessarily linked to market forces, which tend to favor multinationals and bid corporations. On this note, it remains evident that the changes in the processes and structures of the company had some significant impacts in terms of growth and profitability. Sustained competition with other food and beverage companies on the market has occasioned a shift in production methods with the aim of retaining its hold on the market share. The reliance on both carbonated and un-carbonated drinks has allowed the company to attend to the diverse tastes of the market, which also translates into increased revenue flow. One of the competitive advantages that PepsiCo enjoys over its main rival is the diverse product range. Essentially, the performa nce of PepsiCo could be assessed from the perspective of the various factors that attend to the dynamics of global competition. Consistently, PepsiCo has engaged in strategic corporate social responsibility programs that are aimed at promoting healthy nutrition in the wider society. This strategy weighs into public concerns of proper nutrition in the wake of diet-related lifestyle diseases. The Business Environment PepsiCo operates in a highly competitive business environment particularly because it relates to the health and nutrition of populations. The food and beverage business environment attracts new players every year due to the high returns on capital for the successful ventures. The competitive nature of the environment

Compare the NIMBYism Between China Three Gorges Dam and India Delhi Essay

Compare the NIMBYism Between China Three Gorges Dam and India Delhi Dam. (Research Project) - Essay Example While the authoritarian government in China hardly allows people to give own opinions, people in India have the power to complain and provide personal opinions. Due to this difference, transnational movements have great influence over the Indian people than the Chinese people. India enjoys these privileges because the country endures a democratic regime. The other key factor discussed in the paper that also creates the difference is the history of each dam project. The Indian project is much older and has resulted to more damages as compared to the Chinese dam project. People in India would more likely to perceive future disasters than the Chinese people making their case more complicated. This implies that political structure is the most important as analyzed in the paper. Dr. Yat-Sen first proposed Chinese Three Gorges dam project with the main objective being to control the flooding of Yangtze River and generation of electricity. However, according to a public opinion survey by Chetham, the local population felt that the extra energy generated by the project would not benefit them as the project was aimed at producing energy not intended to the local consumers. The dam spans River Yangtze by the Sandouping town. The dam is the largest power station in the world with respect to its installation capacity of 22,500 MW. The Three Gorges Dam became fully functional in early July 2012, but the dam itself was completed in the year 2006. At this time, the main turbines within the underground plant started production of hydroelectric power. Every main turbine is known to yield a power capacity of up to 700MW. In total, the project has 32 main turbines, which together with other smaller generators, 22,500MW of electric power is generated. On the other hand, the Delhi Dam project started with an embankment dam specifically on River Maquoketa. It was situated about two and half

Technology and culture class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology and culture class - Essay Example Bill Joy, on the other hand, talks about the threat of artificial intelligence to mankind in his book â€Å"Why the future doesn’t need us†. He talks in a very pessimistic manner and he talks about how robots will take over from humans and will perform everything without the help of human technology. Bill argues against the â€Å"rise of the robots† and predicts a horrific future for mankind because of this. He predicts that the acceleration in improvement of technology mean s that humans will fuse with robots. A comparison of the two authors works show that Ray is more of an optimist about the improvement of technology, while Bill is a pessimist. Bill claims that the doom of humans will occur because humans will drift towards robot control. This is because the problems in future will be s complex on artificial intelligence will be able to solve them after which robots will take control of everything. Ray, on the other hand, believes that the exponential improvement in technology will bring about changes that will shock mankind. He does not talk about the doom of the human

Determinants of Exchange Rate in Malaysia

Determinants of Exchange Rate in Malaysia Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Introduction As the world develops and getting more integrated, business trading or even international trading has became a very common activity. Currency or most commonly known as money is use or circulation to pay in exchange for goods and services, money are use as a medium of exchange. There are two kinds of money form, the banknotes and the coins. Banknotes are more commonly used because of its convenience. Money is indeed a very important invention in human kind history. As times goes by, more and more different kind are introduced by countries and these different currency are controlled and printed by their national banks. As the world getting more integrated, the relationship of these currencies is getting more complicated. The dominating currencies include the US dollar, British Pound Sterling and the Euro Dollar. Malaysia is a developing country located at the South East Asian; Kuala Lumpur is the capital city for Malaysia. Malaysia has gain independent from the British colonist in the year 1957. In 1967, the National Bank of Malaysia had introduced the Malaysia dollar and it had been using it as the official currency to trade in Malaysia. During the decades, the currency had developed and minor changes were made. Now, the currency is already known as the Ringgit Malaysia (RM). Ringgit Malaysia (RM) had always been stable and developing during the course of decades. However, during the Asian currency crisis, Ringgit Malaysia (RM) was badly affected and the volatility of the currency is severe. Due to the effect of the Asian currency crisis, the Ringgit Malaysia (RM) is fluctuating between 3.80 and 4.40 a US dollar. The Malaysia currency was implying the floating rate regime until end of 1998, the government of Malaysia decided to peg Malaysian Ringgit to US dollar at a rate of RM3.80 to a US dollar. In this research, a study will be conduct with a topic of â€Å"The determinants of exchange rate in Ringgit Malaysia.† In this chapter, brief explanation will be done for background of study, problem statement, research question, research objective, significant of study and outline research. The other chapters of literature review, data and methodology, data analysis and also conclusion. For Malaysia, exchange rate is one of the most important factors affecting the development of the countries’ economy. It will influence the interest of investors because exchange rate risk plays will affect the profitability of their investments. Many studies had on exchange rate but very little is about the Ringgit Malaysia. However the factors influence the movements of Ringgit Malaysia that will be discussed in this research are Inflation rate, Interest rate, Gross domestic product, and Balance of Payment. 1.1 Background of Study On the day of June 1967, it is an historical moment for the Malaysian history because the new central bank of Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia had introduced the Malaysian dollar. The Malaysian dollar was use to replace the Malaya and British Borneo dollar. The word ringgit means pointy inBahasa Malaysia. It came from the idea of the serrated edges of silver  Spanish dollars. Silver Spanish dollars was commonly spread in area the 16th and 17th century throughout the area during Portuguese colonial era. The word â€Å"Ringgit† means dollar in Malay, Singapore dollar and Brunei dollar are sometimes also referred as the ringgit. In August 1975, ringgit and sen were formally used as the official names. The sign used â€Å"$† (or â€Å"M$†) is finally replaced by â€Å"RM† (Ringgit Malaysia) in around 1997, â€Å"MYR† is being used internationally as the code for Ringgit Malaysia. The ringgit is separated into 100 sen. As for Malaysian coins, the denominations will be 1 sen, 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, 50 sen, and RM 1. For the denominations for banknotes, it will be RM 1, RM 2, RM 5, RM 10, RM 20, RM 50, RM 100, RM 500 and RM 1000. Ringgit Malaysian had replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar, the new currency was initially priced to British pound with the ratio of 1 sterling to RM 8.57 as same as the old currency. Five months from the launching of the new Ringgit Malaysia in November 1967, the pound sterling had depreciated approximately 14%. The Ringgit Malaysia was not influenced much as it is not pegged to pound sterling but the value of Malaya and Brunei dollar fall in value too. Despite of the appearance of the new currencies in Malaysia, the three neighbors countries which includes Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei still keep the Interchangeable Agreement which stated the currency union that Malaysian Dollar was able to change at the equality with the Brunei Dollar and Singapore dollar. Yet in May 1973, the Malaysia government decided to withdraw from the agreement, Malaysia Ringgit will no longer pegged to Singapore dollar or Brunei dollar. However, the Monetary Authority of Singapore and Brunei Currency and Monetary Board still preserved the interchangeable of their two currencies. In the 1990s, Malaysia experienced a economy boost. A lot of investors were making tons and tons of money from the Malaysia Capital Market. However, when the Asian Currency Crisis happened in 1997, the unanticipated wave kept many investors stocked, they wasnt prepare to face such ciao. The currency market was badly affected, ringgit was much affected too. Many economists came out and analysted the reason behind this crisis, many even put the blame on the famous speculator, Mr George Soros. At that period, Ringgit Malaysia was valued between 3.80 and 4.40 to the US Dollar,the former Malaysia Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir decides to  peg the national currency to the US dollar in September 1998, fixed its 3.80 to the US Dollar. This peg lasted as long as seven years. After the crisis, Ringgit Malaysia had yet to regain its value against most major currencies. During 2004, ringgit seems to be undervalued by 15 to 20 percent. In the same year, because of the depreciation of US dollar, ringgit was weakens by 17.9 percent against euro and 10.2 percent against Japanese Yen. In July 2005, China had announced that the Chinese’s currency, Renminbi will no longer peg to US dollar. After the announcement, Malaysia also announced the end of the peg of Ringgit Malaysia with US dollar. According to Bank Negara, Malaysia will now allow the currency to float in a managed  range  against numerous major currencies. This has made the price of the ringgit increasing closer to its supposed market value, the national bank has intervened to maintain the stability of Ringgit and not to allow too much fluctuation. After following the free float regime, the ringgit  value went upto as high as RM3.16 to a U.S. dollar in April 2008. On 24 April 2010, TheStar online reported, the ringgit value has increased about 6.7 percent yearly against US dollar. According to Business Times, January 15, 2011, ringgit had hit almost a 14 years high of RM3.052 for a US dollar. Ringgit Malaysia shows a movement of appreciation year by year. It is also a good sign of stability of economy in Malaysia. 1.1.1 Development of Ringgit Malaysia 1.1.1. a. Development of Bank Notes First series of Malaysian Dollar Malaysian dollar banknotes were initially issued by Bank Negara Malaysia on 6 June 1967. The dollar banknotes are denominated in $1, $5, $10, $50 and $100. On September 1968, the Malaysian national bank, Bank NegaraMalaysia had also issued $1000. Additionally, the image of Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia was printed on the first banknote of Malaysian dollar. Also, Tun Ismail bin Mohamed Ali’s signature was printed on the first dollar note of Malaysia who was the Malaysian Governor of Bank Negara at that moment. On 16 August 1972, Bank Negara Malaysia adopted an new administrator to include the national language, Bahasa Malaysia into the printing of the new banknotes while remaining the old designs. (Jack, H. 2008) Second series of Malaysian Dollar In 1982, Bank Negara Malaysia had designed and issued the second series of Malaysian Dollar, the Malaysian traditional decorative was used as design on the new Malaysian dollar. The second series of Malaysian dollars come in $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500, and $1000. However, the numbers of $20 bank notes were less compare to the other amount of the currency. In 1997 when the Asian Financial Crisis happened, large amount of number of $500 and $1000 were transferred out of the country. In about 1993, $1 coin was introduced to substitute the $1 notes. Since then, $1 notes were discontinued. Third series of Malaysian Dollar In 1996, in the spirit of Wawasan 2020 Bank Negara Malaysia had issued the third series of Ringgit Malaysia. They are denominated in RM2, RM5, RM10, RM50 and RM100. To deter and avoid counterfeiters, additional hologram strip was added on the RM50 and RM100 notes. A new series of RM10 note was issued by Bank Negara Malaysia in 2004. Security features previously implied in RM50 and RM100 notes like the holographic strip is added to the new series of RM10 note. Also, RM 5 note with distinctive transparent window designed was introduced; they are made in polymer material which was never had in Malaysia. Bank Negara Malaysia also suggested all paper notes will be replaced by polymer notes in the future. Fourth series of Malaysian Dollar Bank Negara Malaysia had released a new design of RM50 banknote which will enter the circulation at the beginning of January, 2008. The banknote RM50 remained the unique colour of green-blue but changed a new design. The new design is to support the national mission which expresses the moving up of value chain for economy of the country. Malaysia economy is under the transformation of higher value-added activities such as agriculture,  manufacturing  and services. One the right of the currency, the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong,  Tuanku Abdul Rahman is remained. The national flower, hibiscus is also designed to present at the centre of the banknotes. To celebrate the 50th Anniversary of Independence day, the logo of 50th Anniversary and features  Malaysias first Prime Minister,  Tunku Abdul Rahman declaring independence is also printed on the reverse of the banknotes. New security features include a watermarked portrait of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a security thread, fluores cent elements, and multi coloured latent were also added to prevent counterfeiting. On 2011, Bank Negara Malaysia announced the re-introduction of RM20 banknote. 1.1.1. b. Development of Coinage First series of Malaysian Coinage In 1967, the first series of Malaysian sen coins were introduced. They are denominated in 1 sen, 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, and 50 sen. After that, in 1971 the 1 Ringgit Malaysian coin was introduced to the public. First, the Ringgit Malaysian coins are varied by diameters. Practically all the coins were minted in almost consistent obverse and reverse designs. The frontage is depicting the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, the official star and crescent moon from the Malaysian flag, Jalur Gemilang. Malaysian coins are all minted from cupronickel with the only exception of 1 sen. The 1 sen coin was minted in bronze  in the year 1967 to 1972. From 1973 onwards, the national bank of Malaysia minted the 1 sen coin with steel clad combined  copper. Redesigning was made on the50 sen coin. For the 50 sen coin, minor modification was made to add the Bank Negara Malaysia letterings at the edge of it. The first Malaysian coins series was halted in 1989 because the second series of Malaysian coin s was introduced. The first series of Malaysian coins are still in the circulation till now, but the number had reduced significantly. Second series of Malaysian Coinage In 1989, the second series of Malaysian sen coins was introduced and entered into the circulation. Second series of Malaysian coins was redesigned, but principally retaining the design of edges, diameters and composition of the previous series. However, changes were made for the 1 Ringgit Malaysian coin. Modification include drawing of Malay cultural items on the front of the coin. On the upper half of the bank of the coin, the the  national flower, Hibiscus was printed. The designer of this series of coins was Mr Low Yee Kheng. The size of the 1 ringgit coin was also changed, from the original diameter of 33mm to 24mm. It was then minted from an alloy of copper,zincandtin. On December 2005, Bank Negara Malaysia decided to withdrawn the 1 ringgit coin from circulation because it was demonetised. The standardisation of the 1 ringgit coin from the two different versions was the problem behind it. Bank Negara Malaysia announced that a rounding mechanism of prices to the nearest 5 sen will apply to all the billing all around the country. This policy will start effective from April 1, 2008 onwards. With the latest policy from Bank Negara Malaysia made the 1sen 1 sen coin irrelevant. Items selling are still allowed to be priced in multiples of 1 sen, but the total bill will be rounded to the nearest 5 sen. Third series of Malaysian Coinage On 25 July 2011, the third series of Malaysian coins is being announced by the Bank Negara Malaysia. The new series of coins are released on 2012. The third series of Malaysian coins are being issued as commemorative coins. A theme â€Å"Distinctively Malaysia† is carried by the third series of Malaysian coins. Motifs of flora and fauna drawn are used in the design in this series of coins also the various cultures in Malaysia. It also reflects the diversity and richness of Malaysias national identity. These coins are denominated in 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen and 50 sen. According to Deputy Finance Minister Datuk Donald Lim, the productions of the coins are reduced by approximately 50% because of the change in metal composition. The diameter of the coins have also changed, colour on the 20 cent and 50 cent had changed from silver to yellowish gold. New designs like the fourteen dots symbolizing the thirteen states and the Federal of Malaysia are included in the new series. The five horizontal lines on the coins indicate the five principles ofRukunegara. As for the 50 cent, the round shape of the coins with nine indentations represents the original BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA lettering. Besides, the 50 cents from the third series will have a latent image security feature. When the 50 cent coins are tilted slightly, denomination 50 and SEN can be seen. 1.2 Problem Statement Exchange rate risk is a one of the key risk that international investors will take account when evaluating an investment. Therefore, determinates of exchange rate is a very important topic. Factors affecting the exchange rate are critical in determining the price of Ringgit Malaysia. A stable and predictable exchange rate will help the economy of a country to grow. If we know the significant factors affecting the exchange rate, we will be able to predict and determent what is the price of Ringgit Malaysia. Many studies have been conducted to determine the determinants of exchange rate and most studies are done used different methods and approaches on how to evaluate the exchange rate. However, the results obtain by some of these studies such as Louis Kujis (1998), Eiteman et al (2001), Otuori, O. H. (2013) and Fracis Fong (2006) differs. This is due to the fact that the results are influenced by the changes of countries’ internal conditions and the macroeconomic environment. U nfortunately, most of the studies concentrate only on major currencies like US dollar and pound sterling but not Ringgit Malaysia. Furthermore, Ringgit Malaysia had also shown potential and its immunization against financial crisis like the sub-prime mortgage in mid 2008. However, there has been little reference when analyzing the Ringgit Malaysia’s price determinates. Besides that, by using the same determinants and quantitative methods, the result for Ringgit Malaysia might differ from the result obtain towards the major currencies, as there could possibly be other factors not important in the developed countries that affects the Ringgit Malaysia or vice versa. Therefore, this paper is to attempt to fill in the gap by investigating determinates of Ringgit Malaysia hence make it possible to predict the price of Ringgit Malaysia. 1.3 Research Question The key research question asked is thus: â€Å"What are the factors affecting the exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia against US dollar?† 1.4 Research Objective To explore the determinates of Ringgit Malaysia To evaluate the relationship between price of Ringgit Malaysia and major macroeconomic variables 1.5 Significant of Study Many studies had done to investigate the factors affecting the exchange rate. It had no doubt that exchange rate will an important topic to study. Exchange rate is influence by both countries’ internal conditions and also the macroeconomic variables. Most studies done are concentrating the major currencies like the US dollar, Euro dollar and British Pound Sterling. The result obtained from this research will be compare and check with these prior researches. Furthermore, most of these prior studies are done on developed countries’ currencies; this paper will also attempt to check for any similarity or differences between the currencies from developed countries and developing countries. In conjunction, the lack of studies done concerning the exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia, this paper is done with the hope of assisting and helping more research that will be done on exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia in the future. 1.6 Scope of Study This paper studies the impact of interest rate, inflation rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Balance of Payment (BOP) toward the exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia. Quarterly data are used in this paper. 40 observations were used to carry on this study. However, due to the lack of data point from some variables, the sample size of this study had readjusted to 32 with a sample period of 2006 to 2013. 1.7 Outline Research Chapter 1 consists of the general background and aim of this paper. Besides, this chapter has briefly explained the problem to be investigated, the objectives and the significance of this study. Chapter 2 provides the literature review and more detailed facts about how the investigation will be carried. Hence, prior research theories that are related to this topic are presented. Using the theories previous discovered by other researchers, a framework will be constructed to analyze the volatility of exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia from the data collected. The journals collected are from different sources; there include the online databases, journal articles and books. Chapter 3 presents the methodology and the data used in this research for analyzing the volatility of exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia. Here, this chapter also explains how the investigating had been done. Furthermore, this chapter is divided into parts such as theoretical framework, sample of analysis and the hypothesis-testing framework. Chapter 4 describes and explains the empirical results and data analysis of the result obtained. It consists of statistical reports, and how do these reports related to the topic studied. Above all, this chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between the dependent variables and its determinants. Chapter 5 will summarizes and highlights all the key finding of the study. The conclusion will be a summary of the overall analysis and investigation done in the study.

Everyday Use: A Mothers Choice Essay examples -- American Literature

A Mother's Choice In her short story "Everyday Use", author Alice Walker introduces us to a Mother awaiting the visit of her daughter, Dee, who has left her rural upbringing to go away to college. Although we are not told an exact location, the descriptions provided by Miss Walker lead us to believe that the story is set in the very poorest section of the south. Momma narrates this story, and describes to us in her own simple way the dynamics of the family and the conflicts that arise with Dee's homecoming. Momma tells us she is uneducated; "I never had an education. After second grade, the school was closed." She further describes her rough, rural lifestyle. "I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing...One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall." Although seemingly simple and backward, Momma clearly describes the differences between her two daughters, the conflict that comes about with Dee's homecoming and the choices she is forced to make between her two girls. Maggie and Dee are two sisters that are as different as night and day. When Momma talks of Maggie, it is with a sad and gentle reflection of this daughter's lot in life. "Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to be kind to him? That is the way my Maggie walks." Momma tells us, however that Dee, "She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature. " Where Dee is pretty and bright, Maggie is scarred and slow. Momma seems more content being in Maggie's presence, having more in common with her than with her daughter Dee. She and Maggie tend the house together, ... ...py and shout." The daughter who has the deeper family values, who understands the true nature of heritage will be getting the quilts. Although Dee tells momma "You just don't understand ... your heritage." it is she who does not understand the significance of what she holds in her hand. By making Momma the narrator, Alice Walker has given us a simple but clear viewpoint. Listening to Momma's voice, we can better understand the background that makes two daughters so opposite. Momma helps us comprehend the confusion and conflict that Dee's arrival back home brings, and how everyone reacts. Through momma's narration, we can follow her thought process as she wrestles with the decision of who should get the quilts. Without Momma, the reader would not feel as intricately involved in the story or identify with the emotions Alice Walker incorporates in "Everyday Use."

Global Strategy and ENtering Foreign Markets Essay

Table of Contents Executive Summary Often when a company is looking to expand its operations to foreign markets they have an overall goal to create revenue and increase profit. Entering new markets can be an excellent opportunity for companies to utilize core competencies and increase value to the company. This paper will define global strategy and research the best strategies to use when expanding operations to international markets. Recommendations and conclusions will also be defined for when entering a foreign market, thus expanding operations. Because of the increased competition in international markets global strategies are more important then ever. When developing a strategy not only does a company deal with lower cost pressures, but also pressures for local responsiveness, and a need to adapt to differences in consumer preferences. This also can change the way the business on a whole is carried out. A company must choose a strategy that will help it best adapt to those pressures, as well as one that stays aligned with its overall strategic goals. Entering into a new international market seems like a good idea for most businesses, but requires lots of research and planning to be successful. The first decision to be made is what market to enter. New emerging markets with large populations allow for continued economic growth and an opportunity to add value to a product. The timing and scale of entry into a market can be also very important, for many companies in a new market the first mover advantage is one that comes with lots of benefits, including capture of market share. If the company penetrates the market with a significant presence they are likely to send a message to consumers that they are in the market for the long-term. Selecting a mode of entry into a new market heavily relies on the company’s core competencies, and how much control is desired. For some companies, creating a strategic alliance with a competitor is the best entry method into a new market. By creating an alliance with a competitor allows a company to enter a new market with less risk, and also gives the opportunity to learn about the new market from the alliance partner. Introduction International markets have become increasingly competitive recently because of liberalization of trade and investment environments. Due to this, companies entering the global marketplace must be more strategic to make a profit. â€Å"A company must have a strategy to reduce costs and create value as well as to differentiate its products from others, in order to be profitable in today’s foreign markets.† It is highly important for a company to work to reduce costs while, at the same time increase the perceived value of its products and differentiate product offerings, in comparison to its competitors. By creating more value on a company’s products, the more its customers will be willing to spend. By creating a product that is more appealing to the consumer through design, functionality, and quality, as well as lowering costs to produce the product, a company can create value in the eyes of the consumer. The primary activities involved in creating value for a product are research and development, production of products, marketing and sales, and the service and support being provided to the customers. Because of differences between the markets in various countries it is potentially beneficial â€Å"for each value creation activity to be based where factor conditions are most conclusive to the performance of that activity,† otherwise know as location economies. By doing this, the company is working towards a low cost strategy for value creation. When a firm is considering entering a market in a foreign country, it must carefully decide what market to enter, when to enter, and at what scale it should enter. These decisions should be heavily based on long-run growth and profit potential within the market. A firm will often expand into international markets in an attempt to earn greater return from their technological or manager know-how; also know as a firm’s core competenc y. As well as being faced with many cost reduction pressures, a company expanding globally is also likely to be faced with pressures for local responsiveness. When doing business in another country there will likely be a difference in customer preferences that will need to be met, differences in infrastructure, and the way of doing business such as distribution channels. Lastly, any demands that may be made by the host government (regulations) must be taken into consideration as well. These are all factors that need to be considered when a company is contemplating expanding to foreign markets, and choosing a proper global strategy. Global Strategy Strategy is defined as any actions a manager takes to attain the company’s goals. The main goal for a company’s strategy is generally to maximize their profit. Due to increased competition in many foreign markets, companies are forced to look at all of these strategies and see which are best for them when moving forward in the global marketplace, to be most successful. Strategic Choices A firm will generally use one of four basic strategies to enter and compete within the global marketplace. They are as follows: International Strategy, Multi-domestic Strategy, Global Strategy, or a Transnational Strategy. The strategy a company chooses can depend upon how much it needs to cut costs, and the differences it must adapt to within the new market. A company choosing an International Strategy works to create value by bringing valuable skills and products to global markets where competitors don’t employ the same skills. The company will transfer successful products to foreign markets, while also creating some local customization. For a company following an international strategy, many decisions including manufacturing and marketing decisions, will be localized to the country that they are doing business in. An example of a company using an international strategy is McDonald’s. In Japan they offer old favorites as well as the Korean KBQ Burger. When a company chooses a Multi-domestic strategy many key responsibilities and decisions become localized. The product offerings, marketing strategy and business strategy are customized to be successful in each market. Along with this strategy comes a mentality where management sees all foreign operations as independent businesses within the firms’ portfolio. A drawback of this strategy is because new value creation activities are employed within each market. A company may not get advantage from the experience curve benefits, and end up with a high cost structure. Companies pursuing a Global Strategy are generally also pursuing a low-cost strategy. Because of this, the company generally will not customize the product offerings between different foreign markets. A global firm will prefer a standard set of products offered through all of its markets where  they can use the cost advantage to allow for aggressive pricing tactics in foreign marketplaces. Because of the competitive nature of many marketplaces around the world many companies have no choice but to employ a transnational strategy. For a company that employs this strategy, it involves focus on reducing costs, transferring skills and products to new markets, and increasing local responsiveness. Because of all of the pressures that are involved with a transnational strategy, they can be difficult and complex to implement. Strategic Alliances â€Å"As opposed to a firm entering a foreign market on it’s own, they may form a strategic alliance with a potential or actual competitor.† A strategic alliance is defined as a cooperative agreement among competitors from different countries. By creating a strategic alliance with a competitor, a company can more easily enter a new foreign market. Within a strategic alliance a company will share many fixed costs with the alliance partner company, which can also potentially reduce operational costs such as training and purchasing costs. Because of these factors a strategic alliance can be beneficial for a company striving for an overall goal of lowering costs. â€Å"The alliance is cooperation or collaboration, which aims for a synergy where each partner hopes that the benefits from the alliance, will be greater than those from individual efforts.† Although a strategic alliance has many benefits for a firm that is entering a market they have never competed in befo re, there are also risks that should be considered. There’s the possibility of giving competitors low-cost access to new technology and markets, which they may not have had access to before. It is also important for a company to choose the right partner to ensure they are benefiting equally from the alliance. The proper partner for a firm will help achieve its own strategic goals, but will also have a shared vision for the purpose of the alliance. Any company that is looking to enter a strategic alliance with a competing company should do a proper background checks with public sources, and anyone that has maybe worked with the other firm in the past. It is also important to get to know the potential partner before immediately creating an alliance to ensure the chemistry is right between the management teams. Once an alliance has been created it is important for it to be managed properly, in order to be successful in its  overall strategic goals. It is vital for the once competing companies involved in the strategic alliance, to build trust with one another. If there isn’t mutual trust built within the relationship it â€Å"†¦can lead to competition rather than cooperation, to loss of competitive knowledge, to conflicts resulting from incompatible cultures and objectives, and to reduced management control.† Sometimes building personal friendships between members of each partner can help to create stronger trust within the business relationship as well. Entering a Foreign Market Although there is no clear-cut choice on how a company should enter a new market there are guidelines of things that should be considered and done before entering into a new market. A firm must first decide which market they should enter, then how it will enter the market, and finally at what scale and time it should make its entry. Not only is it important to research whether or not a specific business has viability within the market, you also need to assess the value that will be added to the market you are looking into entering. â€Å"Greater value translates into an ability to charge higher prices and/or build sales volume more rapidly.† Choosing A Market When a firm is researching different countries and their marketplaces to determine what market to enter, the appeal of a certain country will depend on balancing benefits, costs and risks that come with doing business in that particular country. â€Å"The largest compiler of data about foreign markets in the world is the U.S. Department of Commerce. Some of this information is available free and some involves paying a small fee. Other federal agencies also provide significant amounts of data that is available on their websites.† There are also many private agencies that can help a company find information regarding a new market. â€Å"Such groups as industry & trade organizations, local chambers of commerce and other business development groups provide a wealth of information about foreign markets.† When searching for a new or emerging market to enter it is important for a company to look at nations which are politically stable, and that have free market systems. These qualities are more likely to provide long-term economic growth and a larger capacity for such growth. Many companies that have expanded operations globally have gone to China and India in order to  lower costs, as well to take advantage of the availability of growth, due to the large populations. Entry Timing Once a company has done its research and chosen a market to enter they must then decide an appropriate time to enter the said market. A major advantage for a firm is when they are the first foreign firm to enter an emerging market, also know as first mover advantage. When a company is the first to enter a market, it is given the opportunity to capture demand within the market, and establish a strong brand name and recognition, before any of its competitors move in. â€Å"The firm gains the opportunity to build up sales volume and ride down the experience curve before rivals have a chance, giving the firm a cost advantage that later entrants into the market wont have.† This will enable the firm to cut prices and increase profits. Emerging Markets For a business looking to move into an international market, an emerging economy within a large market could be a favorable option as there is likely to be more growth potential for companies that are early movers. Emerging markets often provide benefits to the company such as lower costs, and the opportunity to become industry specialists. It can be a major advantage for companies to enter countries with large emerging markets, such as China and India in an effort to reduce costs and in turn generate more profit. Although being an early mover within an emerging market comes with these advantages; there can also be the disadvantage of pioneering costs. If business in the foreign country is done differently then in the home country the firm will need to spend time, energy and money on learning the rules of doing business within the host country. A firm that enters later into a market can avoid some of these costs by learning from what other companies have done, implement stronger strategies. Scale of Entry Once it has been determined which market to enter, and when is the best time to enter, a company must decide whether to enter the market and slowly expand its operations, or enter in a big way, at one time. To make this decision the firm must examine any strategic commitments that may be involved when entering the market, as it could have long-term impact that  can’t be easily reversed. Entering a market in a big way can mean major strategic commitment and can be hard to reverse but could pay off. If a company is entering a market on a significant scale customers and distributors are more likely to believe the company will remain in the market long term and will in turn attract more customers. However if a company invests too much to enter one market at a significant scale it could mean not being able to expand to other markets. By entering small-scale to a foreign market, the firm has more opportunity to learn more about the market before creating any major risks to it. This will limit potential losses but could cause the company to miss out on all of the advantages reaped by the first movers. Modes of Entry to Foreign Markets â€Å"The mode of entry is a fundamental decision a firm makes when it enters a new market because the choice of entry automatically constrains the firm’s marketing and production strategy. The mode of entry also affects how a firm faces the challenges of entering a new country and deploying new skills to market its product successfully.† A company has many different modes of entry to choose from, all with their own advantages and disadvantages. Modes of Entry Alternatives Exporting – A company choosing to export will produce a good or service within the home country and sell it in the new market. Exporting can be low cost for the company as well as can be beneficial for the company to get experience doing business within the new market. Although the company may save money on manufacturing, they are also likely to be paying higher transportation costs to export the product to the new market. Manufacturing firms often begin with exporting products to enter a foreign market, before switching to another mode. Turkey projects – A company that chooses to develop a turnkey project will hire a contractor, who will handle all of the details on setting up a firm within the new market. Once the contract is complete the firm is handed the key to the business, which will be ready and full operational for the company to take over and begin work in the new market. When choosing a turnkey project the company should ensure that the new market is within a country with stable political and economic conditions, to make the investment less risky. Licensing – â€Å"A company  which chooses a licensing agreement will enter into an arrangement where a licensor grants the rights to intangible property to the company for a certain period of time. During this period the licensor receives a royalty fee from the company for the use of the property.† Licensing can be a good option for a firm with manager know-how as there is little control over technology, and also comes with little risk. Franchising – Franchising is a specialized form of licensing where the firm paying the royalty fee to use the property, must also follow a set of rules on how to run the business. This can be good for firms with management know-how. Joint venture – â€Å"A joint venture entails establishing a firm that is jointly owned by two or more otherwise independent firms.† Joint ventures can be beneficial as there is often the opportunity to learn from your partner as well, as any risks are shared between the partners. Wholly owned subsidiaries – â€Å"Wholly owned subsidiaries occur when a firm owns 100 percent of its stock.† When establishing a wholly owned subsidiary in a new foreign market the company has the choice of setting up an entirely new business in the new market (Greenfield Venture), or it can acquire and already running business within the knew market and use its resources to promote the companies product line. Choosing an Entry Mode All modes of entry a company can chose from have both advantages and disadvantages. When attempting to choose the proper mode of entry a company will be forced to make a decision based on pressures of cost reductions, however the best entry mode for a company will depend mainly on that firms competitive advantage, whether it is technological know-how or management know-how. If a firm has a competitive advantage that is based on technological know-how, generally a wholly owned subsidiary is preferred, as control over technology is very necessary. By owning the whole subsidiary the company is giving up no aspect of control over their core competency. â€Å"The main competitive advantage of many service firms is that of the managers know how to run the business.† When this is the case, foreign franchises tend to be the preferred method of entry. By franchising the company has control over how the quality of the product or service. When choosing a mode of entry it could often depend on the amount a company gives control over its resources. Exporting offers the least amount of control,  and a wholly owned subsidiary offers the most control. Conclusion Although entering a new market and expanding a company globally can provide numerous benefits, it is something that needs to be done with proper strategic planning. Trade liberalization has caused heavy competition in many foreign markets and if proper research and planning isn’t flowed through, a company could fail in an international market. When choosing a new market, the company should loo at locations that will provide some benefit such as lower costs for manufacturing a product. â€Å"Create value for customers by lowering production costs and making products more attractive through superior design, functionality and quality.† Value creation is measure by the difference between what values a customer puts on a specific product, and the actual cost to make the product. The higher the value creation the more profit the business will make on that product. By reducing costs to increase revenue, the company is also increasing the value of the product, known as low cost strategy. Another way to increase value of a product value is through a differentiation strategy. By differentiating products from that of a company’s competitor, they are increasing the consumers perceived value of the product based, on its different features. When choosing an overall strategy it is important that it align with the company’s main goals and values, as well as with the host countries preferences. Generally a transnational global strategy provides companies with the most benefits, it is also the hardest and most complex strategy to implement. Once a strategy is chosen for the expansion across borders, the company then needs to research and choose which market to enter, when to enter the market, and at what scale to enter the market at. All three of these decisions are very important to the success of the business in the new market. The company should choose a market that will provide some cost benefit to it, such as cost savings manufacturing. Once a market is chosen, a time and scale need to be established for entry. The company needs to decide if it will enter with a large presence or if it will enter with limited exposure to better adapt to the new market. The company will pick between six modes of entry, mainly based on their core competencies. If the company has a lot of technological know- how they will likely chose a mode that offers more control such as a wholly owned subsidiary. If t is a  managerial know-how based competency, it will likely choose a mode with less control such as a franchise. It is important to consider every advantage weighed against the disadvantages when choosing a mode of entry. Works Cited Anca Gheorghiu, A. G. (2010). Entering New Markets – a Challenge in Times of Crisis. Retrieved June 2013, from Cornell University Library: http://arxiv.org/abs/1010.6050 Arnold, D. (2003, October 17). Strategies for Entering and Developing International Markets. Retrieved July 2013, from Financial Times Press: http://www.ftpress.com/articles/article.aspx?p=101588 Burher Business. (2011, October 20). Korean KBQ Burger is from McDonald’s, Not Food Truck. 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